Install Nagios 4 on Ubuntu and Debian 8. Updated Tuesday, April 12. In this guide, you’ll learn how to install Nagios 4 on your Linode. Before You Begin. In order to run Nagios on your Linode, follow the configuration steps for Ubuntu or Debian 8 from our Getting Started guide. How to install nagios3 on Debian 8 (Jessie) Install nagios3 Installing nagios3 package on Debian 8 (Jessie) is as easy as running the following command on terminal.
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Introduction
In this tutorial, we will cover the installation of Nagios 4, a very popular open source monitoring system, on Ubuntu 14.04. We will cover some basic configuration, so you will be able to monitor host resources via the web interface. We will also utilize the Nagios Remote Plugin Executor (NRPE), that will be installed as an agent on remote hosts, to monitor their local resources.
Nagios is useful for keeping an inventory of your servers, and making sure your critical services are up and running. Using a monitoring system, like Nagios, is an essential tool for any production server environment.
Prerequisites
To follow this tutorial, you must have superuser privileges on the Ubuntu 14.04 server that will run Nagios. Ideally, you will be using a non-root user with superuser privileges. If you need help setting that up, follow the steps 1 through 3 in this tutorial: Initial Server Setup with Ubuntu 14.04.
A LAMP stack is also required. Follow this tutorial if you need to set that up: How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on Ubuntu 14.04.
This tutorial assumes that your server has private networking enabled. If it doesn’t, just replace all the references to private IP addresses with public IP addresses.
Now that we have the prerequisites sorted out, let’s move on to getting Nagios 4 installed.
Install Nagios 4
This section will cover how to install Nagios 4 on your monitoring server. You only need to complete this section once.
Create Nagios User and Group
We must create a user and group that will run the Nagios process. Create a “nagios” user and “nagcmd” group, then add the user to the group with these commands:
Install Build Dependencies
Because we are building Nagios Core from source, we must install a few development libraries that will allow us to complete the build. While we’re at it, we will also install
apache2-utils , which will be used to set up the Nagios web interface.
First, update your apt-get package lists:
Then install the required packages:
Let’s install Nagios now.
Install Nagios Core
Download the source code for the latest stable release of Nagios Core. Go to the Nagios downloads page, and click the Skip to download link below the form. Copy the link address for the latest stable release so you can download it to your Nagios server.
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At the time of this writing, the latest stable release is Nagios 4.1.1. Download it to your home directory with curl:
Extract the Nagios archive with this command:
Then change to the extracted directory:
Before building Nagios, we must configure it. If you want to configure it to use postfix (which you can install with apt-get), add
--with-mail=/usr/sbin/sendmail to the following command:
Now compile Nagios with this command:
Now we can run these make commands to install Nagios, init scripts, and sample configuration files:
In order to issue external commands via the web interface to Nagios, we must add the web server user,
www-data , to the nagcmd group:
Install Nagios Plugins
Find the latest release of Nagios Plugins here: Nagios Plugins Download. Copy the link address for the latest version, and copy the link address so you can download it to your Nagios server.
At the time of this writing, the latest version is Nagios Plugins 2.1.1. Download it to your home directory with curl:
Extract Nagios Plugins archive with this command:
Then change to the extracted directory:
Before building Nagios Plugins, we must configure it. Use this command:
Now compile Nagios Plugins with this command:
Then install it with this command:
Install NRPE
Find the source code for the latest stable release of NRPE at the NRPE downloads page. Download the latest version to your Nagios server.
At the time of this writing, the latest release is 2.15. Download it to your home directory with curl:
Extract the NRPE archive with this command:
Then change to the extracted directory:
Configure NRPE with these commands:
Now build and install NRPE and its xinetd startup script with these commands:
Open the xinetd startup script in an editor:
Modify the
only_from line by adding the private IP address of the your Nagios server to the end (substitute in the actual IP address of your server):
Save and exit. Only the Nagios server will be allowed to communicate with NRPE.
Restart the xinetd service to start NRPE:
Now that Nagios 4 is installed, we need to configure it.
Configure Nagios
Now let’s perform the initial Nagios configuration. You only need to perform this section once, on your Nagios server.
Organize Nagios Configuration
Open the main Nagios configuration file in your favorite text editor. We’ll use vi to edit the file:
Now find an uncomment this line by deleting the
# :
Save and exit.
Now create the directory that will store the configuration file for each server that you will monitor:
Configure Nagios Contacts
Open the Nagios contacts configuration in your favorite text editor. We’ll use vi to edit the file:
Find the email directive, and replace its value (the highlighted part) with your own email address:
Save and exit.
Configure check_nrpe Command
Let’s add a new command to our Nagios configuration:
Add the following to the end of the file: Crack lingua italiana f1 2012 xbox.
Save and exit. This allows you to use the
check_nrpe command in your Nagios service definitions.
Configure Apache
Enable the Apache rewrite and cgi modules:
Use htpasswd to create an admin user, called “nagiosadmin”, that can access the Nagios web interface:
Enter a password at the prompt. Remember this password, as you will need it to access the Nagios web interface.
Note: If you create a user that is not named “nagiosadmin”, you will need to edit
/usr/local/nagios/etc/cgi.cfg and change all the “nagiosadmin” references to the user you created.
Now create a symbolic link of
nagios.conf to the sites-enabled directory:
Nagios is ready to be started. Let’s do that, and restart Apache:
To enable Nagios to start on server boot, run this command:
Optional: Restrict Access by IP Address
If you want to restrict the IP addresses that can access the Nagios web interface, you will want to edit the Apache configuration file:
Find and comment the following two lines by adding
# symbols in front of them:
Then uncomment the following lines, by deleting the
# symbols, and add the IP addresses or ranges (space delimited) that you want to allow to in the Allow from line:
As these lines will appear twice in the configuration file, so you will need to perform these steps once more.
Save and exit.
Now restart Apache to put the change into effect:
Nagios is now running, so let’s try and log in.
Accessing the Nagios Web Interface
Open your favorite web browser, and go to your Nagios server (substitute the IP address or hostname for the highlighted part):
Because we configured Apache to use htpasswd, you must enter the login credentials that you created earlier. We used “nagiosadmin” as the username:
After authenticating, you will be see the default Nagios home page. Click on the Hosts link, in the left navigation bar, to see which hosts Nagios is monitoring:
As you can see, Nagios is monitoring only “localhost”, or itself.
Let’s monitor another host with Nagios!
Monitor a Host with NRPE
In this section, we’ll show you how to add a new host to Nagios, so it will be monitored. Repeat this section for each server you wish to monitor.
On a server that you want to monitor, update apt-get:
Now install Nagios Plugins and NRPE:
Configure Allowed Hosts
Now, let’s update the NRPE configuration file. Open it in your favorite editor (we’re using vi):
Find the
allowed_hosts directive, and add the private IP address of your Nagios server to the comma-delimited list (substitute it in place of the highlighted example):
Save and exit. This configures NRPE to accept requests from your Nagios server, via its private IP address.
Configure Allowed NRPE Commands
Look up the name of your root filesystem (because it is one of the items we want to monitor):
We will be using the filesystem name in the NRPE configuration to monitor your disk usage (it is probably
/dev/vda ). Now open nrpe.cfg for editing:
The NRPE configuration file is very long and full of comments. There are a few lines that you will need to find and modify:
The three aforementioned lines should look like this (substitute the appropriate values):
Note that there are several other “commands” defined in this file that will run if the Nagios server is configured to use them. Also note that NRPE will be listening on port 5666 because
server_port=5666 is set. If you have any firewalls blocking that port, be sure to open it to your Nagios server.
Save and quit.
Restart NRPE
Restart NRPE to put the change into effect:
Once you are done installing and configuring NRPE on the hosts that you want to monitor, you will have to add these hosts to your Nagios server configuration before it will start monitoring them.
Add Host to Nagios Configuration![]()
On your Nagios server, create a new configuration file for each of the remote hosts that you want to monitor in
/usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/ . Replace the highlighted word, “yourhost”, with the name of your host:
Add in the following host definition, replacing the
host_name value with your remote hostname (“web-1” in the example), the alias value with a description of the host, and the address value with the private IP address of the remote host:
With the configuration file above, Nagios will only monitor if the host is up or down. If this is sufficient for you, save and exit then restart Nagios. If you want to monitor particular services, read on.
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Add any of these service blocks for services you want to monitor. Note that the value of check_command determines what will be monitored, including status threshold values. Here are some examples that you can add to your host’s configuration file:
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Ping:
SSH (notifications_enabled set to 0 disables notifications for a service):
If you’re not sure what
use generic-service means, it is simply inheriting the values of a service template called “generic-service” that is defined by default.
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Now save and quit. Reload your Nagios configuration to put any changes into effect:
Once you are done configuring Nagios to monitor all of your remote hosts, you should be set. Be sure to access your Nagios web interface, and check out the Services page to see all of your monitored hosts and services:
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Now that you monitoring your hosts and some of their services, you might want to spend some time to figure out which services are critical to you, so you can start monitoring those. You may also want to set up notifications so, for example, you receive an email when your disk utilization reaches a warning or critical threshold or your main website is down, so you can resolve the situation promptly or before a problem even occurs.
Good luck!
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